![]() ![]() The study has been exempted from ethical review after application to the institutional review board (IRB) of Alain University, as it is an observational, non-interventional survey-based study. This study has been performed to evaluate statins users’ awareness regarding the drug–food interactions, their expectations about the consequences of the interactions and the sources of such information. Unfortunately, this problem has not been studied before in Saudi Arabia where the prevalence of obesity and CVD is high. Since statins are highly prescribed drugs and the chance to co-administer them with grapefruit is high, the drug–food interactions are expected and the consequent adverse effects might lead to discontinuation of statins putting patients’ health at higher risk. In order to enhance and reduce drug-related problems, it is imperative to counsel the patients and educate them about their medication use, mechanism of action, role in their therapy, drug and food interactions and possible side effects. As a result of changes in all societies’ lifestyles worldwide due to the drastic shift in information technology, there is an increase in demand and the use of natural materials as one of the therapeutic alternatives. The statin rhabdomyolysis experienced by statin users upon grapefruit juice’s concurrent use has been attributed to grapefruit juice inhibition of CYP3A4 responsible for some statins’ metabolism. In contrast, Pravastatin (Pravachol), Fluvastatin (Lescol) and Rosuvastatin (Crestor) are lacking such interaction with grapefruit. Previous studies reported that the metabolism of some statins such as Atorvastatin (Lipitor), Lovastatin (Mevacor) and Simvastatin (Zocor) was found to be highly affected by grapefruit juice. Similarly, several organic compounds have been found in citrus and specifically in grapefruit juice exert an inhibitory action on statins metabolism. Therefore, concurrent administration of statins with CYP3A4 inhibitors (drugs or foods) may elevate statins concentrations and toxicity risk. Statins are metabolized in a variety of ways for example, Atorvastatin, Simvastatin and Lovastatin are metabolized via the cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 pathway, whereas Pravastatin and Rosuvastatin are not. ĭespite the recognized effectiveness in managing dyslipidemia and the proven safety record of statins, like other drugs in general, they interact with many drugs and foods. This pathway generates a range of other products in addition to cholesterol. įurthermore, statins inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase at a stage early in the mevalonate pathway. Statin drugs include (Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, Pravastatin, Pitavastatin, Lovastatin and Rosuvastatin) and are perceived to have a favourable safety profile. Statins as drug therapy inhibit the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase are considered the most effective class of drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia. However, numerous comprehensive studies support the use of statins in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients for the treatment of dyslipidemia and secondary prevention. ![]() Lifestyle modifications and other pharmacological interventions that lower blood cholesterol (such as statins) have been shown to reduce the incidence and frequency of major coronary artery events and overall mortality associated with dyslipidemia. reported that lifestyle modification could also help this aspect. As a non-pharmacological treatment, Jena et al. However, several pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been recommended to treat and reduce hyperlipidaemia’s risk during the past three decades. It was estimated that the total cost of CVD and stroke associated with dyslipidemia – exceeds $400 million in a study conducted in the USA in 2006. Previous studies suggested that the financial ‘direct and indirect’ cost of lipid stiffness places a heavy burden on health service financing sources worldwide. Furthermore, the World Health Organization reports indicated that in 2030, the number of deaths could reach 23.6 million from CVD. However, dyslipidemia is classified as a modifiable risk factor for the incidence and development of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). triglycerides, cholesterol and fat phospholipids) in the blood. Dyslipidemia refers to the abnormal amounts of lipids (e.g. It has long been recognized as one of the highest leading causes of death worldwide. Clinical pharmacist, statins, drug interactions, rational medication use, awareness Introductionĭyslipidemia is a broad term that refers to several lipid disorders. ![]()
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